Prevalence and Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n06.038Keywords:
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, Premenstrual syndrome, DSM-5, prevalenceAbstract
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by significant mood disturbances and functional impairment. It affects approximately 3-8% of menstruating women and has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity by the American Psychiatric Association in the DSM-5. Recent studies have emphasized the global prevalence of PMDD and its substantial impact on daily functioning, relationships, and overall mental health. Understanding its prevalence of PMDD helps in recognizing the scale of the problem and the need for targeted interventions. This literature review provides an overview of the current understanding of PMDD, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. As a result, it was observed that there exist a high prevalence of Premenstrual syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Indian females of reproductive age group that consequently affects the quality of life adversely.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.).
Bäckström, T., Haage, D., Löfgren, M., Johansson, I. M., Strömberg, J., Nyberg, S., & Andréen, L. (2014). Paradoxical effects of GABA-modulating neurosteroids in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Psychoneuroendocrinology, 42, 40-50.
Chakrabarti, A., Dasgupta, A., Sanyal, D., & Ghosh, A. (2019). Assessment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and its effect on quality of life among the rural and urban women of West Bengal: A comparative study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(3), 1096–1100.
Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Girdler, S. S., Schmalenberger, K. M., Dawson, D. N., Surana, P., Johnson, J. L., & Rubinow, D. R. (2017). Toward the reliable diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: The reliability and validity of a structured clinical interview across clinical and community samples. Psychological Medicine, 47(9), 1539-1549.
Endicott, J., Nee, J., Harrison, W., & Blumenthal, R. (2006). Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP): Reliability and validity. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 9(1), 41-49.
Freeman, E. W., Rickels, K., Arredondo, F., Kao, L. C., Pollack, S. E., Sondheimer, S. J., & Huggins, G. R. (2001). Full- or half-cycle, low-dose sertraline treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(5), 405-408.
Gingnell, M., Bannbers, E., Wikström, J., Fredrikson, M., & Sundström-Poromaa, I. (2013). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and prefrontal reactivity during anticipation of emotional stimuli. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 23(12), 1474-1483.
Grover, S., Ghosh, A., Sahoo, S., & Avasthi, A. (2018). A study of prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in Indian women. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(4), 359–366.
Halbreich, U., Borenstein, J., Pearlstein, T., & Kahn, L. S. (2003). The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD). Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28(Suppl 3), 1-23.
Jhamb, R., Bahadur, A., Gupta, S., Deka, M., & Kumar, A. (2019). Clinical correlates and quality of life in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A study from India. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 45(11), 2248–2255.
Kendler, K. S., Karkowski, L. M., Corey, L. A., Prescott, C. A., & Neale, M. C. (1998). Longitudinal population-based twin study of retrospectively reported premenstrual symptoms and lifetime major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(9), 1234-1240.
Lustyk, M. K. B., Gerrish, W. G., Douglas, H., & Bowen, S. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A systematic review. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 14(6), 425-436.
Pearlstein, T., Steiner, M., & Yasmin, E. (2010). Non-antidepressant treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A comprehensive review. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 13(4), 305-310.
Schmidt, P. J., Nieman, L. K., Danaceau, M. A., Adams, L. F., & Rubinow, D. R. (1998). Differential behavioral effects of gonadal steroids in women with and in those without premenstrual syndrome. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338(4), 209-216.
Singh, H., Kar, S. K., & Deshpande, S. N. (2014). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: prevalence and effects on functioning in a psychiatric outpatient setting. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 23(1), 55–58
Soni, A., Raghuvanshi, L., & Choudhary, A. (2019). Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: An exploratory study among Indian adolescent girls. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 28(1), 68–74.
Steiner, M., Peer, M., Palova, E., Freeman, E. W., Macdougall, M., & Soares, C. N. (2017). The premenstrual symptoms screening tool revised for adolescents (PSST-A): Descriptive data and concurrent validity. Journal of Women's Health, 26(7), 717-724.
Wyatt, K. M., Dimmock, P. W., Ismail, K. M., Jones, P. W., & O’Brien, P. M. S. (2004). The effectiveness of GnRHa with and without 'add-back' therapy in treating premenstrual syndrome: A meta analysis. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 111(6), 585-593.
Yonkers, K. A., O'Brien, P. M., & Eriksson, E. (2008). Premenstrual syndrome. The Lancet, 371(9619), 1200-1210.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
