RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary

Socio-cultural aspects and their impact on partition novels with special reference to Amitav Ghosh

2025-04-20T02:52:45-04:00

The Partition of India in 1947 was not merely a political event but a socio-cultural rupture that reshaped identities, histories, and geographies across the subcontinent. Partition novels, as literary responses to this trauma, reflect the profound impact of socio-cultural factors such as religion, nationalism, migration, memory, and communalism. This paper explores how these elements influence the thematic and narrative structure of Partition literature, with a special focus on Amitav Ghosh's The Shadow Lines. Although not a conventional Partition novel, Ghosh’s work offers a complex examination of the lingering effects of Partition through personal memory, transnational identity, and the illusion of borders. The novel critiques the artificiality of national divisions and highlights how communal violence, displacement, and cultural memory continue to shape individual and collective consciousness. Through the lens of socio-cultural analysis, The Shadow Lines emerges as a powerful narrative that interrogates the legacy of Partition and redefines the boundaries of historical fiction.

Study on Machine Learning Application in Quantum Circuit Synthesis

2025-04-22T07:50:12-04:00

In this Research Paper we have highlighted about the Study on Machine Learning Application in Quantum Circuit Synthesis. Quantum circuit synthesis, a fundamental task in quantum computing, involves designing efficient circuits to execute quantum algorithms on quantum computers. Machine learning techniques have been increasingly applied to enhance this process. One key area where machine learning excels is in optimizing quantum circuits for specific tasks. Quantum circuit synthesis often involves a large search space of possible circuit configurations, making it computationally intensive to find optimal solutions. Machine learning algorithms, such as reinforcement learning or genetic algorithms, can efficiently navigate this search space to identify high-performing circuit configurations. These algorithms learn from past experiences and iteratively improve their performance, gradually converging towards optimal solutions. Machine learning can aid in automating the design process by predicting the performance of quantum circuits based on their characteristics. By analyzing large datasets of quantum circuits and their corresponding performance metrics, machine learning models can identify patterns and correlations, enabling the prediction of circuit performance without the need for exhaustive simulations. Additionally, machine learning techniques can assist in error mitigation in quantum circuits. Quantum computers are susceptible to various types of errors, which can degrade the performance of quantum algorithms. Machine learning algorithms can analyze error patterns and devise strategies to mitigate them, leading to more reliable quantum circuits.

The Role of Community and Peer Support in Enhancing the Quality of Life of Displaced Kashmiri Pandit Migrant Adolescents

2025-04-27T13:06:18-04:00

This study examines the quality of life as perceived by adolescents from Kashmiri Pandit migrant families. The sample for this study included 80 adolescent boys and girls, selected using a combination of random and purposive sampling techniques from Jagti, a residential colony for Kashmiri migrants located on the outskirts of Jammu city. Data was collected through interviews and the use of the Standardized Quality of Life Inventory. Results indicated that most adolescents displayed high levels of satisfaction in areas such as health, self-esteem, goals, work, friendships, love, learning, and creativity. However, many expressed dissatisfaction regarding their financial situation, home conditions, family relationships, and their ability to help others. These adolescents believed that their financial situation would have been more stable had their families not been displaced, enabling them to afford more material goods. The findings show similar levels of satisfaction for boys and girls, as well as for both early and late adolescents, across different aspects of quality of life.

Redefining Bank Mergers through Digital Transformation: A Look at Bank of Baroda's Consolidation with Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank

2025-04-29T12:52:57-04:00

In the rapidly evolving banking sector, digital transformation is no longer an option but a necessity for survival and competitiveness. Bank mergers are often driven by the need for cost-efficiency, expanded market reach, and technological innovation. However, the success of a merger largely depends on the integration of digital technologies to streamline operations, enhance customer experience, and ensure regulatory compliance. This paper explores the role of digital transformation in bank mergers, with a special focus on the merger of Bank of Baroda (BOB), Vijaya Bank, and Dena Bank. The study highlights the strategic role of digitalization in overcoming integration challenges, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing customer satisfaction. By examining the digital transformation efforts of Bank of Baroda post-merger, this paper provides insights into how banks can leverage technology to navigate the complexities of mergers and position themselves for future success.

A Review of the Steering Column: Corrosion, Wear, and Mechanical Damage

2025-04-29T13:06:17-04:00

The steering column is a critical component of modern vehicles, directly affecting driving safety and comfort. This article examines the primary factors that influence steering column performance, including corrosion, wear, and mechanical damage, under various operational and environmental conditions. Common failure modes, such as backlash, noise, and bearing seizure, are analyzed, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis to prevent accidents and costly repairs. The study details a repair process for corroded bearings, demonstrating its effectiveness through vibration and torque tests. Advances in materials, sealing technologies, and predictive maintenance are discussed as strategies to enhance durability. The findings underscore the need for ongoing research to improve steering system reliability, particularly as vehicles evolve toward electrification and autonomy.

Problems of Women Workers of Betel Nut Processing Units in Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal

2025-04-29T13:24:49-04:00

Areca nut, often known as betel nut, is an important cash crop in India and it is used for religious, social, and ceremonial purposes. India is the largest producer of arecanut in the world. Millions of people depend on areca nut cultivation, related processing activities and arecanut trade for their livelihood and hence their interests needed to be safeguarded (Cheriyan and Manojkumar, 2020). Processing of areca nut in North Bengal is a traditional occupation (Mula et al. 2015). Betel nut workers are those who are involved in the cultivation, harvesting, and processing of betel nut. The processing of raw betel nut is labour intensive work. Women workers play a very significant role in betel nut processing such as peeling, cutting, grading and preparing “Tipni” in Jalpaiguri District. The nature of the processing units is unorganized. The betel nut processing units thus plays a vital role in providing employment opportunities to rural women. This article will attempt to find out the problems of women workers of the betel nut processing units in Jalpaiguri District and suggests some remedial measures.

Inclusive Disaster-Resistant Housing Policy: Integrating Traditional Knowledge with Modern Construction Techniques

2025-05-01T13:48:41-04:00

The increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters require innovative approaches to housing that prioritise resilience. This paper explores the integration of traditional knowledge with modern construction techniques to create disaster-resilient housing. Through examining case studies and existing research, this paper highlights the benefits, challenges, and policy implications of this integrated approach. Inclusive disaster-resilient housing is a critical step toward building resilient, sustainable, and equitable communities in the face of increasing climate-related hazards. This paper explores the integration of traditional knowledge with modern construction techniques as a policy framework for inclusive disaster risk reduction. Traditional building practices rooted in local culture, materials, and environmental adaptations provide valuable insights for creating naturally resilient structures for specific regional threats. When combined with modern engineering innovations and safety standards, these hybrid solutions can enhance structural integrity while ensuring cultural appropriateness, affordability, and environmental sustainability. The study emphasises community participation, policy support, and inclusive design as key pillars for promoting housing that serves diverse populations, especially marginalised and vulnerable groups. Through case studies and a review of best practices, this study advocates for a holistic and inclusive approach to housing that not only reduces disaster risk but also promotes social cohesion and local empowerment.

A Descriptive Analysis on Performance of P. M Mudra Yojana with Special Reference to Karnataka State

2025-05-01T14:05:05-04:00

The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, launched in 2015, plays a significant role in promoting financial inclusion and fostering entrepreneurial growth among India’s micro and small enterprises. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the scheme's performance, with a special focus on Karnataka state over the five years from FY 2019–20 to FY 2023-24. The study employs a descriptive research methodology, relying on secondary data from government reports, PMMY annual publications, and other credible sources. It evaluates disbursement trends across various loan categories, Shishu, Kishore, and Tarun, while also considering the recently introduced Tarun Plus. Data shows Karnataka’s consistent upward trajectory in the number of loan accounts, sanctioned amounts, and disbursements, even during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The Kishore category, in particular, has demonstrated notable growth, reflecting increased capital support to MSMEs. Furthermore, the scheme has consistently met or exceeded national targets, with the highest overachievement recorded in FY 2023-24. This paper's analysis concludes that the PMMY has significantly contributed to economic empowerment, job creation, and financial accessibility in Karnataka, establishing it as one of the leading states in effectively implementing this flagship initiative.

From Automation to Ethics: Responsible AI in Human Resource Management across Industries with Insights from the Power Sector

2025-05-01T14:15:26-04:00

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM) is revolutionising workforce management by automating recruitment, performance evaluations, and employee engagement processes. However, AI-driven HRM systems raise critical ethical concerns, particularly regarding bias, privacy, and transparency. This study explores the ethical implications of AI adoption in HRM, with a specific focus on the power sector, where automation plays a crucial role in workforce optimisation. The research employs a quantitative approach, analysing responses from 250 employees across various departments in power sector organisations. Using SPSS, key statistical tests—including factor analysis, correlation, regression, and ANOVA—are applied to examine the relationships between AI bias, privacy concerns, transparency, employee trust, and job satisfaction. Findings reveal that AI bias significantly affects workforce diversity, while privacy concerns negatively impact employee trust in AI-driven HR decisions. Moreover, the study highlights that greater transparency in AI decision-making fosters higher employee satisfaction and engagement. The study underscores the need for organisations to implement ethical AI governance frameworks to ensure fair, unbiased, and privacy-compliant AI systems in HRM. It recommends explainable AI models, fairness audits, and hybrid decision-making (AI + human oversight) to enhance trust and acceptance of AI-driven HR practices. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on responsible AI adoption in HRM, offering strategic insights for HR leaders, policymakers, and AI developers in the power sector.

Profitability and Liquidity Tribulations Leads to Financial Distress: Cases of Public Sector Engineering Companies in Kerala

2025-05-01T14:30:49-04:00

Financial distress is a situation where a company is not able to meet or face difficulty to pay off its financial obligations. According to RBI’s definition negative working capital, cash loss and negative networth are the factors influencing Distresses. There are lots of causes of corporate failure which includes Profitability, Liquidity and solvency complications. Bankruptcy prediction models are among the techniques and tools for predicting future status of companies which can estimate the bankruptcy probability by compounding a set of financial ratios. This research paper has attempted to device models for predicting probability of financial distresses among the PSUs working under the Engineering sector in Kerala. In order to evaluate the ratios that can influence group status and quantify their connection, Multiple Logistic Regression analysis tool is used. The main uses of logistic regression are that prediction of group membership and provide knowledge of the relationships and strength among the variables.

Effect of Yoga on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Physiological Variables

2025-05-02T13:50:00-04:00

The objective of this research study was to examine the effect of yoga training on health-related physical fitness and physiological aspects. A total of 80 female students were selected as subjects, who were given yoga training, pranayama training, and combined training, while one group was kept as a control group. The 80 female students were selected as subjects, and the Two-Way ANOVA test was applied, followed by the LSD (Least Significant Difference) test to determine significant differences at the 0.05 level. The study found significant effects as a result of the training.

Abstract in Gujarati Language: આ સંશોધન અભ્યાસ નો હેતુ યોગની તાલીમ દ્વારા સ્વાસ્થ્ય સબંધિત શારીરિક યોગ્યતા અને શરીર શાસ્ત્રીય પાસાઓ પર થતી અસર તપાસવાનો હતો. તેમાં કુલ 80 વિધ્યાર્થિનીઑ ને વિષયપાત્ર તરીકે પસંદ કરવામાં આવી હતી જેમાં તેમને યોગાસન તાલીમ,પ્રાણાયમતાલીમ અને મિશ્ર તાલીમ આપવામાં આવી હતી અને એક નિયંત્રિત જુથ રાખવામા આવ્યું હતું આ કુલ 80 વિધ્યાર્થિની ને વિષયપાત્ર તરીકે પસંદ કરી સહવિચારણ પૃથ્થક્રરણકસોટી લાગુપાડી તેના સાર્થક તફાવત જોવામાટે LSD કસોટી દ્વારા 0.05 કક્ષાએ સાર્થકતા ચકાસવામાં આવી હતી જેમાં અસર જોવા મળી હતી

Keywords: યોગ તાલીમ, પ્રાણાયામ, મિશ્ર તાલીમ, શારીરિક યોગ્યતા

Investigating the Impact of Problem and Project-Based Learning on Persian Grammar Learning

2025-05-02T13:58:19-04:00

This study aims to apply Problem Project-Based Learning (PBL) to the teaching of Persian grammar at the university level and analyze its effectiveness in terms of learners' satisfaction, class engagement, and perceived learning effectiveness. For this purpose, 29 intermediate-level learners were enrolled in a fifteen-week PBL class in which learners defined a problem centered on their real-life grammar learning difficulties and worked in teams to create a product to solve it. The post-class surveys were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 using reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The study found that overall, learners perceived PBL classes positively, with higher-achieving learners reporting significantly higher levels of satisfaction, engagement, and perceived learning effectiveness. On the other hand, lower-achieving learners had relatively lower perceptions, suggesting the need for structured support strategies for them. Furthermore, while the differences in perceptions by gender were not statistically significant, there was a general trend for girls to report higher levels than boys.

The Silk Route and the Sword: China’s Shadow in the Indo-Pak Conflict Post-Pahalgam Attack

2025-05-04T13:50:22-04:00

India's quest for peace has long been disrupted by persistent cross-border hostility, particularly from Pakistan. Since independence in 1947, India has endured multiple wars and a protracted proxy conflict centered in Kashmir. Following its defeat in the 1971 war and the creation of Bangladesh, Pakistan shifted from conventional warfare to a three-pronged asymmetric strategy—strategic alliances, nuclear deterrence, and the deployment of non-state actors (Terrorist groups). The most recent example, the April 22, 2025, Pahalgam attack, which was executed by The Resistance Front, a LeT offshoot, resulted in the deaths of unarmed tourists and marked a new chapter in Pakistan-sponsored terrorism. India’s response included suspending the Indus Waters Treaty and expelling Pakistani diplomatic staff. However, the international response, particularly from China, was muted, with Beijing urging restraint while avoiding condemnation of Pakistan. This article examines the evolving India–Pakistan conflict, with a specific focus on China’s strategic role. This article delves into a crucial geopolitical dilemma: Is China acting as a stabilizer in the region, or is it enabling Pakistan’s aggression through strategic shielding and diplomatic patronage? By unpacking China’s layered interests, ambiguous rhetoric, and calculated silence, we examine its “invisible hand” in the India–Pakistan conflict—one that appears wrapped in silk, but conceals the sharpness of a sword.

Enhancing Fiscal Incentives for Sustainable Investment Growth in GCC Economies: A Comparative Analysis

2025-05-04T14:15:17-04:00

This study investigates the role of fiscal incentives in fostering sustainable investment growth across Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies, with geared towards on Qatar, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia. Through a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative policy analysis and quantitative data, the paper explores the effectiveness of tax reforms, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and diversification strategies in cutting down hydrocarbon dependency. Key findings highlight the UAE’s excellence in renewable energy investments, Qatar’s sovereign wealth-driven diversification, and Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 transformation. Challenges such as regional competition and oil price volatility are meticulously assessed. The study puts forth synchronised regional policies and sector-specific incentives to enrich long-term economic stability.

Mechanised Opinion-Making: Arguments for Systematic Political Nudging

2025-05-06T13:48:11-04:00

People undergo genuine opinion change over time. It is natural when this change is driven by new communication means, better information sources or new issues and agendas hovering in the environment are adding or replacing old ones. But when external agencies somehow control the opinion-making process, this is where ‘mechanised opinion-making budding out. The paper, through the survey data, tries to find out how opinions are being manipulated and throw light on the political behaviour of voters in the context of their interaction with new media tools.

Bioethics and Legal Challenges in Medical Decision-Making: An Analytical Study in the Indian Perspective

2025-05-06T14:17:38-04:00

This analytical research investigates the interaction of bioethics and legal frameworks in medical decision-making in India. It investigates how fundamental ethical concepts such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice interact with India's legal system, focusing on issues such as informed consent, medical negligence, end-of-life choices, and reproductive rights. The essay emphasizes the specific issues given by India's socio-cultural diversity, limited healthcare infrastructure, and commercialization of medical services. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of the Indian court in developing bioethical standards via landmark decisions. The research continues by underlining the need of a patient-centered, balanced approach that aligns ethical ideals with legislative regulations in order to promote a fair and compassionate healthcare system.

Effectiveness of Various Teaching Strategies to Develop Reading Skills Among Students in English Subject

2025-05-07T13:24:40-04:00

We learn language to use it for day-to-day communication. In case of the mother tongue, the usage of language may be easy. But when an Indian uses English, it is not always that he/she uses it with a native-like precision. Reading helps us in this context a lot because it helps us develop the feel and get an insight into the language. Reading exposes us to all sorts of registers in the language and generates an interest to develop communicative competence. It is often a misconception that the increasing craze for television, radio, cinema and other electronic media will lessen the importance of reading. But this is not true, as reading didn't lose its charm. The present research paper discusses on the process of reading, objectives of reading, reading skills, reading problems, exercises for developing reading comprehension, and the play methods and language games etc.

The Role of Health Schemes During the Maternity Period of Tribal Women: A Sociological Study

2025-05-10T11:48:22-04:00

Globally, the mortality rate of girls is lower, whereas in India it is higher, reflecting gender discrimination. Additionally, the high number of child brides in India negatively impacts adolescent health. Unsafe abortions are a major cause of maternal mortality in India. According to NFHS-5, a large number of women are undergoing abortions at home through untrained methods. To address these issues, the government implemented the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY). The present study focuses on women of the Tharu tribe in the Khatima block of Udham Singh Nagar district. It was found that most women benefited from the scheme, utilizing the financial aid for nutrition and health services, leading to better maternal care during pregnancy and improvements in infant health as well.

Abstract in Hindi Language: वैश्विक स्तर पर लड़कियों की मृत्यु दर कम है, जबकि भारत में यह अधिक है, जो लैंगिक भेदभाव को दर्शाता है। इसके अतिरिक्त, भारत में बाल वधुओं की संख्या अधिक होने से किशोरियों के स्वास्थ्य पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ता है। असुरक्षित गर्भपात भारत में मातृ मृत्यु का एक बड़ा कारण है। NFHS-5 के अनुसार, बड़ी संख्या में महिलाएँ घर पर ही अप्रशिक्षित तरीके से गर्भपात कर रही हैं। इन समस्याओं के समाधान हेतु सरकार ने प्रधानमंत्री मातृ वंदना योजना (PMMVY) लागू की। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन ऊधम सिंह नगर जिले के खटीमा ब्लॉक में थारू जनजाति की महिलाओं पर केंद्रित है। यह पाया गया कि अधिकांश महिलाओं ने योजना से लाभ प्राप्त कर पोषण और स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं पर खर्च किया, जिससे गर्भावस्था के दौरान उन्हें बेहतर देखभाल और शिशु स्वास्थ्य में भी सुधार देखने को मिला।

Keywords: प्रधानमंत्री मातृ वंदना योजना, थारू जनजाति, गर्भवती महिलाएं, आर्थिक सहायता

De-Industrialization in Colonial Assam: An Analysis from Historical Perspective

2025-05-10T12:05:17-04:00

Economic historians of India have forwarded their views regarding industrialization in colonial India. In Pre Colonial times, various small-scale industries developed in India like textiles (specially cotton and silk), paper, perfumery industries, metalwork, ship building etc. But colonial rule greatly affected the economy of India. Industrial revolution started in Europe during the period 18th -19th centuries. The rapid development of industries in Europe specially in Great Britain created demand for markets to sell their finished goods. The demand led to race for monopoly and control of market everywhere. England established its colony in India. As a part of India, Assam’s economic development was also influenced by colonial regime. This paper tries to analyse how far British rule affected deindustrialization process as well as drain of wealth in colonial Assam.

High Leverage and Full-Blown Financial Distress: Manifestation from Public Sector Chemical Companies in Kerala

2025-05-10T12:14:03-04:00

High leverage increases the risk of financial distress. When revenue declines or unexpected expenses arise, a highly leveraged company has less flexibility and a greater risk of insolvency due to its high debt service requirements. Financial distress is a situation where a company is not able to meet or face difficulty to pay off its financial obligations. According to RBI’s definition negative working capital, cash loss and negative networth are the factors influencing Financial Distresses. There are lots of causes of corporate failure which includes Profitability, Liquidity and solvency complications. Bankruptcy prediction models are among the techniques and tools for predicting future status of companies which can estimate the bankruptcy probability by compounding a set of financial ratios. This research paper has attempted to device models for predicting probability of financial distresses among the PSUs working under the Chemical Sector in Kerala. In order to evaluate the ratios that can influence group status and quantify their connection, Multiple Logistic Regression analysis tool is administered.