Socio-Structural Determinants of Adolescent Modernization: Interplay of Residential Context and Socio-Economic Status (SES) in Punjab
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n04.019Keywords:
Adolescents, Modernization, Socio-Economic Status, Gender, Residential AreaAbstract
Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage during which individuals experience rapid social and psychological changes. In this phase, modernization plays a significant role in shaping attitudes, values, and behavioural patterns. The present study examines the relationship between modernization and socio-economic status (SES) among secondary school adolescents in Ludhiana, Punjab, with reference to gender and residential differences. The study followed a descriptive survey method and included a stratified random sample of 200 adolescents drawn equally from urban and rural areas. Standardized tools were used to assess modernization and socio-economic status. The data were analysed using independent samples t-test and Pearson’s product–moment correlation. The findings revealed that there was no significant difference between boys and girls in terms of modernization and socio-economic status, suggesting that similar educational exposure and access to media may be influencing both groups. However, a significant difference was observed between urban and rural adolescents, with urban students scoring higher on both modernization and SES. This indicates that residential background continues to shape adolescents’ opportunities and experiences. Further, a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.42) was found between modernization and socio-economic status, implying that economic conditions play an important role in fostering modern outlooks, though other factors may also contribute. The study highlights the need for focused socio-educational efforts to reduce urban–rural disparities and promote balanced development among adolescents across different socio-economic backgrounds.
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